Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Toward a Better Understanding of the Nature of Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Fractions: The Role of Experience

Mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) is a professional knowledge crucial for effective mathematics instruction, encompassing both content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The purpose of this study is to investigate the hierarchical structure of PCK for fractions by seeking further evidence for the PCK-Fractions assessment. The PCK-Fractions measure is designed to examine the effectiveness of teacher education program and field experiences in facilitating preservice teachers’ (PSTs) PCK for children’s fraction reasoning in grades 4–6.

Author/Presenter

Maryam Zolfaghari

Karl Kosko

Christine Austin

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2024
Short Description

Mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) is a professional knowledge crucial for effective mathematics instruction, encompassing both content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The purpose of this study is to investigate the hierarchical structure of PCK for fractions by seeking further evidence for the PCK-Fractions assessment.

Cultivating a Higher Level of Student Agency in Collective Discussion: Teacher Strategies to Navigate Student Scientific Uncertainty to Develop a Trajectory of Sensemaking

In a traditional lecturing environment, students possess limited agency in accepting or rejecting information provided by teachers. A higher level of student agency involves opportunities and actively identifying uncertainties and collaborating with peers to deepen understanding within the classroom community. Teachers play a crucial role in guiding students through sensemaking by addressing uncertainties and assisting in solution development. Student uncertainty is recognized as a pedagogical resource, engaging them in sensemaking and enhancing agency levels.

Author/Presenter

Ying-Chih Chen

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2024
Short Description

Teachers play a crucial role in guiding students through sensemaking by addressing uncertainties and assisting in solution development. Student uncertainty is recognized as a pedagogical resource, engaging them in sensemaking and enhancing agency levels. This study analyzed 28 whole-class discussions led by seven science teachers, identifying three phases: problematization, coherence negotiation, and new understanding enactment.

Using Fitbits and Heart Rate Variance (HRVa) to Understand Preservice Teacher Experiences in Extended Reality

Extended reality (XR) is increasingly used to support preservice and inservice teacher training. Its use in teacher education has shown promise in improving future educators’ engagement, self-confidence, and noticing skills. Despite this evidence, the field lacks innovative measures to assess outcomes such as those offered through biometric data collection. This article addresses this gap by presenting the findings of a study involving 18 PSTs, who watched a 360 video of an elementary classroom while their heart rate data was gathered.

Author/Presenter

Richard Ferdig

Karl Kosko

Enrico Gandolfi

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2023
Short Description

Extended reality (XR) is increasingly used to support preservice and inservice teacher training. Its use in teacher education has shown promise in improving future educators’ engagement, self-confidence, and noticing skills. Despite this evidence, the field lacks innovative measures to assess outcomes such as those offered through biometric data collection. This article addresses this gap by presenting the findings of a study involving 18 PSTs, who watched a 360 video of an elementary classroom while their heart rate data was gathered.

Innovative Research Approaches to Mathematics Teacher Noticing

Author/Presenter

Gabriele Kaiser

Thorsten Scheiner

Michal Ayalon

Karl W. Kosko

Nicole B. Kersting

Ceneida Fernandez

Alison Castro Superfine

Janet Walkoe

Anton Bastian

Jessica Hoth

Macarena Larrain Jory

Xinrong Yang

Ban Heng Choy

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2023
Short Description

This research forum explores innovative research approaches to teacher noticing in mathematics education, focusing on four key areas: theoretical perspectives and conceptualizations of teacher noticing, methodological approaches to the study of teacher noticing, teachers’ professional learning of noticing, and new research directions in teacher noticing.

Gaze Analysis System for Immersive 360 Video for Preservice Teacher Education

Author/Presenter
Chris Lenart

Pegah Ahadian

Yuxin Yang

Simon Suo

Ashton Corsello

Karl Kosko

Qiang Guan

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2023
Short Description

Unified systems for multi-sensor devices, particularly eye-tracking in Virtual Reality (VR), are intricate and often require the listening and streaming of multichannel data. In this project, we propose a visual analysis framework for replicating a participant's viewing involvement by interpreting head movements as rotations and point-of-gaze (POG) as on-screen indicators.

Exploring the Relationships Between Teacher Noticing, Ambisonic Audio, and Variance in Focus When Viewing 360 Video

A growing body of research has supported the implementation of innovative and immersive video for teaching and learning across the lifespan. Immersive video, delivered through eXtended Reality (XR) tools like 360 video, provides users with new ways to see real or created environments. Unfortunately, most of the existing research has highlighted immersive video without accompanying immersive audio. This use of monophonic audio can create a disconnect for viewers as they experience close to real world video with sounds that do not match a real-world environment.

Author/Presenter

Richard E. Ferdig

Karl W. Kosko

Enrico Gandolfi 

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2023
Short Description

A growing body of research has supported the implementation of innovative and immersive video for teaching and learning across the lifespan. Immersive video, delivered through eXtended Reality (XR) tools like 360 video, provides users with new ways to see real or created environments. Unfortunately, most of the existing research has highlighted immersive video without accompanying immersive audio. The purpose of this study was to respond to this gap in the literature by exploring the use of ambisonic audio and its impact on preservice teacher noticing and variability of viewing focus when watching 360 video.

Exploring Teacher Knowledge and Noticing with Eye Tracking and 360 Video

Professional noticing involves attending to and interpreting children’s mathematical reasoning. In a similar manner, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is defined as the knowledge teachers need to interpret and respond to children’s reasoning. The present study reports on an initial exploration of the relationship between these two constructs using eye-tracking technology and the PCK-Fractions measure. Results suggest a relationship between where teachers spend time focusing and their PCK scores.

Author/Presenter

Karl W. Kosko

Christine K. Austin

Maryam Zolfaghari

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2023
Short Description

Professional noticing involves attending to and interpreting children’s mathematical reasoning. In a similar manner, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is defined as the knowledge teachers need to interpret and respond to children’s reasoning. The present study reports on an initial exploration of the relationship between these two constructs using eye-tracking technology and the PCK-Fractions measure.

Evaluating How Extended Reality Delivery Device and Preservice Teacher Major Impact Presence in Immersive Learning Environments

Author/Presenter

Enrico Gandolfi

Richard E. Ferdig

Karl W. Kosko

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2023
Short Description

Teacher education has begun to embrace the use of 360 videos to improve preservice teachers' (PSTs) engagement and immersion. While recent research on such use is promising overall, there are specific questions that have been left unanswered about the construct of presence in 360 videos. More specifically, research has yet to fully explore how video delivery devices and PST characteristics may impact presence. The purpose of this study was to respond to this gap in the literature by examining PST major, delivery device (ie, head mounted display vs. flat screen), and the interaction between the two in informing presence.

Anchoring Phenomena and Summary Writing Working Together to Improve Student Learning

Abstract concepts, such as gravity, may provide the perfect opportunity to bring phenomena into the classroom. As a knowledge generation strategy, summarizing can foster that opportunity. Using phenomena and summary writing together might help student learning since it requires making connections between their ideas and words to explain the natural phenomena. This article describes how anchoring phenomena and summary writing were integrated into a cohesive unit by using five generative activities that include different language and epistemic practices.

Author/Presenter

Allison Hart Richards

Jale Ercan-Dursun

Jee Kyung Suh

Brian Hand

Gavin Fulmer

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2023
Short Description

Abstract concepts, such as gravity, may provide the perfect opportunity to bring phenomena into the classroom. Using phenomena and summary writing together might help student learning since it requires making connections between their ideas and words to explain the natural phenomena. This article describes how anchoring phenomena and summary writing were integrated into a cohesive unit by using five generative activities that include different language and epistemic practices.

Shaping Ambitious Science Teaching to Be Culturally Sustaining and Productive in a Rural Context: Toward a Justice-Centered Ambitious Science Teaching Framework

We find ourselves at a time when the need for transformation in science education is aligning with opportunity. Significant science education resources, namely the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and the Ambitious Science Teaching (AST) framework, need an intentional aim of centering social justice for minoritized communities and youth as well as practices to enact it. While NGSS and AST provide concrete guidelines to support deep learning, revisions are needed to explicitly promote social justice.

Author/Presenter

April Luehmann

Yang Zhang

Heather Boyle

Eve Tulbert

Gena Merliss

Kyle Sullivan

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2023
Short Description

Significant science education resources, namely the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and the Ambitious Science Teaching (AST) framework, need an intentional aim of centering social justice for minoritized communities and youth as well as practices to enact it. While NGSS and AST provide concrete guidelines to support deep learning, revisions are needed to explicitly promote social justice. In this study, we sought to understand how a commitment to social justice, operationalized through culturally sustaining pedagogy might shape the AST framework to promote more critical versions of teaching science for equity.