Technology

Artificial Intelligence in Science Education Research: Current States and Challenges

The recent surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in science education has heightened interest among the NARST community—a curiosity about how technology can transform education that has lasted for decades. Founded in 1928, NARST is an international organization of thousands of members focused on improving science education through research. This growing interest is evidenced by the launch of the Research in Artificial Intelligence-Involved Science Education (RAISE) Research Interest Group in 2022 and the increasing number of AI-related studies presented at NARST conferences.

Author/Presenter

Gyeonggeon Lee

Minji Yun

Xiaoming Zhai

Kent Crippen 

Lead Organization(s)
Year
2025
Short Description

The recent surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in science education has heightened interest among the NARST community—a curiosity about how technology can transform education that has lasted for decades. This growing interest is evidenced by the launch of the Research in Artificial Intelligence-Involved Science Education (RAISE) Research Interest Group in 2022 and the increasing number of AI-related studies presented at NARST conferences. Despite the growth, limited studies have shed light on how the community members integrate AI into science education and the challenges. We systematically reviewed 36 AI-related papers presented at the 2024 NARST conference to address this gap.

CAREER: A Transformative Approach for Teaching and Learning Geometry by Representing and Interacting with Three-Dimensional Figures

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This project explores how virtual and augmented reality can create new opportunities for representing and interacting with geometric concepts. The poster will report on our efforts to work with secondary mathematics teachers to design immersive virtual environments and test them with students in public high schools in the north east.

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Fostering Computational Thinking Through Neural Engineering Activities in High School Biology Classes

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In this project, we developed and implemented a ninth/10th grade neural engineering unit—an emerging field that integrates neuroscience, engineering design, and programming—to explore how computational thinking (CT) and engineering can be incorporated into a core biology high school course. We are examining the changes in students’ CT, engineering design processes, and attitudes towards STEM throughout their participation. We are also exploring what supports biology teachers need to effectively foster CT and engineering.

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Empowering Educators to Create Customized, Culturally Responsive Instructional Materials from Scratch Encore Harmonized with the Interest of Students (Collaborative Research)

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This project builds on a successful introductory computer science curriculum, called Scratch Encore, to explore ways to support teachers in bringing together—or harmonizing—existing Scratch Encore instructional materials with themes that reflect the interests, cultures, and experiences of their students, schools, and communities. In designing these harmonized lessons, teachers create customized activities that resonate with their students while retaining the structure and content of the original Scratch Encore lesson.

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Empowering Educators to Create Customized, Culturally Responsive Instructional Materials from Scratch Encore Harmonized with the Interest of Students (Collaborative Research)

Principal Investigator:

This project builds on a successful introductory computer science curriculum, called Scratch Encore, to explore ways to support teachers in bringing together—or harmonizing—existing Scratch Encore instructional materials with themes that reflect the interests, cultures, and experiences of their students, schools, and communities. In designing these harmonized lessons, teachers create customized activities that resonate with their students while retaining the structure and content of the original Scratch Encore lesson.

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Enhancing the Teacher-Curriculum Relationship in Problem-based Mathematics Classrooms by Connecting Teacher and Student Digital Collaborative Environments

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The project creates a digital space for middle school math teachers to collaborate, using problem-based curriculum materials shared with students. It enables teachers to plan, teach, and reflect on student learning together, even across different buildings. The platform includes classroom artifacts, teacher-created resources, and curriculum materials. The project explores how teachers use resources, collaborate, and support one another, aiming to enhance mathematics teaching and learning through digital tools.

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Developing Learning Trajectories Supporting Middle School Student Understanding of Artificial Intelligence Concepts; Building Teacher Capacity for Teaching Across Science Disciplines Using "Smart" Greenhouses (Collaborative Research)

This project will develop a professional development (PD) program to support teachers in implementing a physical computing anchored transdisciplinary curriculum. The program includes summer institutes and year-long activities where teachers will be first immersed in the same transdisciplinary learning experiences their students will undergo and then co-design/revise the curriculum for the local context. We will follow teachers over time to understand what trajectories teachers follow as they strive to shift toward more transdisciplinary teaching practices.

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Developing Learning Trajectories Supporting Middle School Student Understanding of Artificial Intelligence Concepts; Building Teacher Capacity for Teaching Across Science Disciplines Using "Smart" Greenhouses (Collaborative Research)

This project will develop a professional development (PD) program to support teachers in implementing a physical computing anchored transdisciplinary curriculum. The program includes summer institutes and year-long activities where teachers will be first immersed in the same transdisciplinary learning experiences their students will undergo and then co-design/revise the curriculum for the local context. We will follow teachers over time to understand what trajectories teachers follow as they strive to shift toward more transdisciplinary teaching practices.

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Developing Learning Trajectories Supporting Middle School Student Understanding of Artificial Intelligence Concepts; Building Teacher Capacity for Teaching Across Science Disciplines Using "Smart" Greenhouses (Collaborative Research)

This project will develop a professional development (PD) program to support teachers in implementing a physical computing anchored transdisciplinary curriculum. The program includes summer institutes and year-long activities where teachers will be first immersed in the same transdisciplinary learning experiences their students will undergo and then co-design/revise the curriculum for the local context. We will follow teachers over time to understand what trajectories teachers follow as they strive to shift toward more transdisciplinary teaching practices.

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Culturally Responsive Elementary Science Teaching

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This project explores the influence of elementary teachers' curricular context knowledge, developed over multiple curricular enactments, to adapt curriculum materials in ways that are culturally respsonsive to their students. The project utilizes Explore the Salish Sea, a place-based curriculum that braids together Western and Indigenous science. Students learn about their local ecosystem and and partner with community members to engage in stewardship. Our research follows teachers through four different cycles of curriculum enactment to develop robust case studies.

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